Radiomics model based on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for predicting liver failure

BACKGROUND Postoperative liver failure is the most severe complication in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after major hepatectomy. Current available clinical indexes predicting postoperative residual liver function are not sufficiently accurate.AIM To determine a radiomics model based on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for predicting liver failure in cirrhotic patients with HCC after major hepatectomy.METHODS For this retrospective study, a radiomics-based model was developed based on preoperative hepatobiliary phase gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance images in 101 patients with HCC between June 2012 and June 2018. Sixty-one radiomic features were extracted from hepatobiliary phase images and selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method to construct a radiomics signature. A clinical prediction model, and radiomics-based model incorporating significant clinical indexes and radiomics signature were built using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The integrated radiomics-based model was presented as a radiomics nomogram. The performances of clinical prediction model, radiomics signature, and radiomics-based model for predicting post-operative liver failure were determined using receiver operating characteristics curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses.RESULTS Five radiomics features from hepatobiliary phase images were selected to construct the radiomics signature. The clinical prediction model, radiomics signature, and radiomics-based model incorporating indocyanine green clearance rate at 15 min and radiomics signature showed favorable performance for predicting postoperative liver failure(area under the curve: 0.809-0.894). The radiomics-based model achieved the highest performance for predicting liver failure(area under the curve: 0.894; 95%CI: 0.823-0.964). The integrated discrimination improvement analysis showed a significant improvement in the accuracy of liver failure prediction when radiomics signature was added to the clinical prediction model(integrated discrimination improvement = 0.117, P =0.002). The calibration curve and an insignificant Hosmer-Lemeshow test statistic(P = 0.841) demonstrated good calibration of the radiomics-based model. The decision curve analysis showed that patients would benefit more from a radiomics-based prediction model than from a clinical prediction model and radiomics signature alone.CONCLUSION A radiomics-based model of preoperative gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI can be used to predict liver failure in cirrhotic patients with HCC after major hepatectomy.     

Engraftable neural crest stem cells derived from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells

Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), a population of multipotent cells that migrate extensively and give rise to diverse derivatives, including peripheral and enteric neurons and glia, craniofacial cartilage and bone, melanocytes and smooth muscle, have great potential for regenerative medicine. Non-human primates provide optimal models for the development of stem cell therapies. Here, we describe the first derivation of NCSCs from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells (CmESCs) at the neural rosette stage. CmESC-derived neurospheres replated on polyornithine/laminin-coated dishes migrated onto the substrate and showed characteristic expression of NCSC markers, including Sox10, AP2α, Slug, Nestin, p75, and HNK1. CmNCSCs were capable of propagating in an undifferentiated state in vitro as adherent or suspension cultures, and could be subsequently induced to differentiate towards peripheral nervous system lineages (peripheral sympathetic neurons, sensory neurons, and Schwann cells) and mesenchymal lineages (osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells). CmNCSCs transplanted into developing chick embryos or fetal brains of cynomolgus macaques survived, migrated, and differentiated into progeny consistent with a neural crest identity. Our studies demonstrate that CmNCSCs offer a new tool for investigating neural crest development and neural crest-associated human disease and suggest that this non-human primate model may facilitate tissue engineering and regenerative medicine efforts.     

MRI诊断腰椎间盘术后粘连和突出复发

失败的下腰椎手术是个复杂的问题，由于其症状和体征不典型，单靠临床检查很难明确诊断，而脊髓造影和常规ＣＴ等检查也很难区别突出复发和硬膜外粘连。本文分析了３２例再手术患者ＭＲＩ图象，并与第二次手术所见对比，发现２７例ＭＲＩ诊断准确，３例假阳性，２例因信号缺失不能明确诊断。     

中华分枝睾吸虫性胆道感染与胆道结石的外科治疗——28年总结

本文报告28年间73例华枝睾吸虫胆道感染与结石的手术治疗经验.其中,非结石性胆管、胆囊炎占46.6%,结石性胆管、胆囊炎占53.4%.合并肝、胆、胰癌7例,占9.6%(随机对照组为0).手术治疗方式8种.住院病死率8.2%.手术并发症率47.9%.残留结石率48.7%.本文就华枝睾吸虫感染对肝胆系统的严重危害、与胆道蛔虫临床的比较、发病机理、外科疗效及改进进行了讨论.     

国产重组人促卵泡激素在辅助生殖技术控制性超促排卵的临床应用

目的评价国产重组人促卵泡激素(recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone,rhFSH)用于辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)控制性超促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH)的有效性及安全性。方法本试验采用多中心、随机、双盲、阳性平行对照、非劣效研究方法,于2017年7月至2019年6月间选取6家生殖医学中心纳入卵巢储备正常的不孕女性进行ART的COH治疗。受试者随机分为试验组(国产rhFSH,n=134)和对照组(进口rhFSH,n=133),研究过程中因各种因素排除受试者共8例,试验组7例,对照组1例,最终依照研究方案完成试验的受试者试验组127例,对照组132例。比较两组受试者COH周期中获得的卵母细胞总数、rhFSH用药情况、卵母细胞受精率、优质胚胎数、临床妊娠率、活产率、新生儿情况及不良反应发生率等指标。结果试验组和对照组在COH周期中获得的卵母细胞总数分别为(13.0±5.8)枚和(12.9±5.7)枚,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在82例卵胞质内单精子显微注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)受试者中,试验组(39例)获得MII卵母细胞数[(9.9±3.9)枚]显著高于对照组(43例)[(7.5±3.0)枚,P=0.003];卵母细胞受精率试验组[63.82%(1048/1642)]显著高于对照组[56.19%(958/1705),P<0.001]。rhFSH用药时间和总量、优质胚胎数、临床妊娠率、早产率、活产率、新生儿异常发生率、新生儿体质量、Apgar评分等两组间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗期间卵巢过度刺激综合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)和其他不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),且均为进口rhFSH已知的不良反应。结论在卵巢储备正常的不孕女性中使用相同卵巢刺激治疗方案,国产rhFSH有效性及安全性与进口rhFSH相当。     

青年人与老年人原发性肝癌的临床分析

为提高青年人和老年人原发性肝癌临床诊断和防治水平，作者比较５５例青年人与７８例老年人原发性肝癌的临床病理特征，结果显示：血清ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者青年组高于老年组；合并肝硬化者老年组较高；两组肿瘤类型和临床ＴＮＭ分期等亦有差异。两组原发性肝癌患者在某些临床特征方面存在差异。     

房颤患者中性粒细胞CD11b变化及与左房内径的相关性

【目的】研究房颤患者外周血中性粒细胞CD11b水平变化及其与左房内径的相关性,探讨房颤的炎症机制。【方法】收集房颤组与窦律组临床资料,采血检测中性粒细胞CD11b表达水平,同时超声心动图测定左房内径。【结果】纳入房颤组85例,年龄37～82岁,男性35例,女性50例,包括阵发性房颤36例,持续性房颤26例,永久性房颤23例;窦律组57例,年龄35～78岁,男性21例,女性36例。房颤组中性粒细胞CD11b表达高于窦律组（P＜0.01）;左房内径大于窦律组（P＜0.01）;心脏瓣膜病、中性粒细胞CD11b及左房内径是房颤的独立影响因素。【结论】阵发性房颤发作时及持续性、永久性房颤患者中性粒细胞CD11b表达上调,提示炎症与房颤密切相关;中性粒细胞CD11b水平与左房内径相关,炎症可能参与了房颤的心房结构重构;房颤血栓栓塞高危患者中性粒细胞CD11b表达上调,炎症水平可能对房颤血栓栓塞危险分层有一定指导意义。